Root ẓ-l-m ظ ل م
The root ẓ-l-m (ظ ل م) occurs 315 times in the Qur'an, the 25th most frequent of its 1,642 roots. It appears in 290 verses across 59 of the 114 surahs, as 12 lemmas (dictionary headwords).
At a glance
| Occurrences | 315 ● |
|---|---|
| Rank among 1,642 roots | 25th ● |
| Verses containing it | 290 ● |
| Surahs containing it | 59 of 114 ● |
| In Meccan / Medinan surahs | 211 / 104 ~ |
| Early Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 2 ~ |
| Middle Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 52 ~ |
| Late Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 157 ~ |
| Medinan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 104 ~ |
| As verbs / as nouns and adjectives | 111 / 204 ● |
| Spread across surahs (DP, normalized) | 0.231022 (0 even, 1 concentrated) ~ |
| First occurrence | 2:17 ● |
Counts from the Leeds Quranic Arabic Corpus v0.4 root field. Period and Meccan/Medinan splits depend on a classification; the spread measure is one of several (Numbers).
Lemmas
| Most common form | Part of speech | Count | Surahs |
|---|---|---|---|
| ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ | noun / adjective | 129 | 44 |
| ظَلَمُوا۟ | verb | 110 | 35 |
| ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ | noun / adjective | 23 | 13 |
| ظُلْمًا | noun | 20 | 14 |
| أَظْلَمُ | noun | 16 | 11 |
| بِظَلَّٰمٍ | noun | 5 | 5 |
| ظَالِمَةٌ | noun | 4 | 3 |
| ظَالِمِىٓ | noun | 2 | 2 |
| ظَلُومًا | noun | 2 | 2 |
| مُظْلِمًا | noun | 2 | 2 |
| أَظْلَمَ | verb | 1 | 1 |
| مَظْلُومًا | noun | 1 | 1 |
● Grouped by the corpus's lemma field. Every lemma is in the lemma-frequencies table.
Most frequent written forms
- ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ 42×
- ظَلَمُوا۟ 28×
- ٱلظَّٰلِمُونَ 23×
- ٱلظَّٰلِمِينَ 22×
- أَظْلَمُ 15×
- يُظْلَمُونَ 15×
- يَظْلِمُونَ 13×
- ٱلظُّلُمَٰتِ 12×
- ظَلَمُوٓا۟ 10×
- لِلظَّٰلِمِينَ 10×
● Surface forms, with attached prefixes and suffixes.
Where it concentrates
- al-Baqarah 31× · 5.069 per 1,000 word-units
- al-An'am 24× · 7.869 per 1,000 word-units
- al-A'raf 17× · 5.12 per 1,000 word-units
- Al ʿImran 15× · 4.309 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Nisa' 14× · 3.736 per 1,000 word-units
- Hud 14× · 7.303 per 1,000 word-units
- Yunus 12× · 6.547 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Anbiya 11× · 9.41 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Nahl 10× · 5.423 per 1,000 word-units
- Ibrahim 9× · 10.843 per 1,000 word-units
● The ten surahs with the most occurrences, with the rate per 1,000 of each surah's word-units.
Roots it keeps company with
- ن ف س n-f-s 55 shared verses
- ن و ر n-w-r 28 shared verses
- ا ل ه a-l-h 131 shared verses
- ق و م q-w-m 57 shared verses
- ب ع د b-ʿ-d 27 shared verses
- ا خ ذ a-kh-dh 28 shared verses
- ف ر ي f-r-y 11 shared verses
- خ ر ج kh-r-j 20 shared verses
~ Ranked by log-likelihood of sharing a verse, one association measure among several (explorer).