Root sh-h-d ش ه د
The root sh-h-d (ش ه د) occurs 160 times in the Qur'an, the 68th most frequent of its 1,642 roots. It appears in 123 verses across 48 of the 114 surahs, as 9 lemmas (dictionary headwords).
At a glance
| Occurrences | 160 ● |
|---|---|
| Rank among 1,642 roots | 68th ● |
| Verses containing it | 123 ● |
| Surahs containing it | 48 of 114 ● |
| In Meccan / Medinan surahs | 72 / 88 ~ |
| Early Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 7 ~ |
| Middle Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 12 ~ |
| Late Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 53 ~ |
| Medinan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 88 ~ |
| As verbs / as nouns and adjectives | 53 / 107 ● |
| Spread across surahs (DP, normalized) | 0.360628 (0 even, 1 concentrated) ~ |
| First occurrence | 2:23 ● |
Counts from the Leeds Quranic Arabic Corpus v0.4 root field. Period and Meccan/Medinan splits depend on a classification; the spread measure is one of several (Numbers).
Lemmas
| Most common form | Part of speech | Count | Surahs |
|---|---|---|---|
| شَهِيدًا | noun / adjective | 56 | 24 |
| شَهِدَ | verb | 44 | 21 |
| وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ | noun | 23 | 14 |
| ٱلشَّٰهِدِينَ | noun / adjective | 21 | 16 |
| أَشْهَدتُّهُمْ | verb | 7 | 6 |
| شَهَٰدَٰتٍۭ | noun | 3 | 2 |
| مَشْهُودًا | noun | 3 | 3 |
| فَٱسْتَشْهِدُوا۟ | verb | 2 | 2 |
| مَّشْهَدِ | noun | 1 | 1 |
● Grouped by the corpus's lemma field. Every lemma is in the lemma-frequencies table.
Most frequent written forms
- شَهِيدًا 10×
- وَٱلشَّهَٰدَةِ 10×
- شُهَدَآءَ 8×
- ٱلشَّٰهِدِينَ 6×
- شَهِيدًا 6×
- شَهِيدٌ 5×
- شَهِيدٌ 5×
- شَهِدَ 4×
- يَشْهَدُ 4×
- يَشْهَدُونَ 4×
● Surface forms, with attached prefixes and suffixes.
Where it concentrates
- al-Baqarah 16× · 2.616 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Nisa' 14× · 3.736 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Ma'idah 12× · 4.28 per 1,000 word-units
- al-An'am 12× · 3.934 per 1,000 word-units
- Al ʿImran 11× · 3.16 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Nur 11× · 8.359 per 1,000 word-units
- Hud 5× · 2.608 per 1,000 word-units
- Fussilat 5× · 6.297 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Tawbah 4× · 1.601 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Hajj 4× · 3.14 per 1,000 word-units
● The ten surahs with the most occurrences, with the rate per 1,000 of each surah's word-units.
Roots it keeps company with
- ك ف ي k-f-y 10 shared verses
- ا ل ه a-l-h 70 shared verses
- غ ي ب gh-y-b 11 shared verses
- ك و ن k-w-n 50 shared verses
- ج ل د j-l-d 5 shared verses
- ك ت ب k-t-b 19 shared verses
- ع د ل ʿ-d-l 6 shared verses
- ر س ل r-s-l 22 shared verses
~ Ranked by log-likelihood of sharing a verse, one association measure among several (explorer).