Root b-sh-r ب ش ر
The root b-sh-r (ب ش ر) occurs 123 times in the Qur'an, the 93rd most frequent of its 1,642 roots. It appears in 119 verses across 47 of the 114 surahs, as 11 lemmas (dictionary headwords).
At a glance
| Occurrences | 123 ● |
|---|---|
| Rank among 1,642 roots | 93rd ● |
| Verses containing it | 119 ● |
| Surahs containing it | 47 of 114 ● |
| In Meccan / Medinan surahs | 86 / 37 ~ |
| Early Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 5 ~ |
| Middle Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 20 ~ |
| Late Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 61 ~ |
| Medinan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 37 ~ |
| As verbs / as nouns and adjectives | 48 / 75 ● |
| Spread across surahs (DP, normalized) | 0.339644 (0 even, 1 concentrated) ~ |
| First occurrence | 2:25 ● |
Counts from the Leeds Quranic Arabic Corpus v0.4 root field. Period and Meccan/Medinan splits depend on a classification; the spread measure is one of several (Numbers).
Lemmas
| Most common form | Part of speech | Count | Surahs |
|---|---|---|---|
| وَبَشِّرِ | verb | 38 | 23 |
| بَشَرٌ | noun | 37 | 23 |
| وَبُشْرَىٰ | noun | 15 | 13 |
| بَشِيرًا | noun / adjective | 9 | 8 |
| مُبَشِّرِينَ | noun | 9 | 9 |
| يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ | verb | 7 | 5 |
| بُشْرًۢا | noun | 3 | 3 |
| بَٰشِرُوهُنَّ | verb | 2 | 1 |
| وَأَبْشِرُوا۟ | verb | 1 | 1 |
| مُبَشِّرَٰتٍ | noun | 1 | 1 |
| مُّسْتَبْشِرَةٌ | noun | 1 | 1 |
● Grouped by the corpus's lemma field. Every lemma is in the lemma-frequencies table.
Most frequent written forms
- بَشَرٌ 15×
- وَبَشِّرِ 11×
- بَشَرًا 9×
- وَبُشْرَىٰ 5×
- يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ 5×
- لِبَشَرٍ 4×
- مُبَشِّرِينَ 3×
- فَبَشِّرْهُم 3×
- بُشْرَىٰ 3×
- بُشْرًۢا 3×
● Surface forms, with attached prefixes and suffixes.
Where it concentrates
- al-Baqarah 8× · 1.308 per 1,000 word-units
- Al ʿImran 8× · 2.298 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Hijr 7× · 10.687 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Tawbah 6× · 2.402 per 1,000 word-units
- Hud 5× · 2.608 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Nahl 5× · 2.711 per 1,000 word-units
- Maryam 5× · 5.203 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Isra 4× · 2.571 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Mu'minun 4× · 3.81 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Furqan 4× · 4.479 per 1,000 word-units
● The ten surahs with the most occurrences, with the rate per 1,000 of each surah's word-units.
Roots it keeps company with
- ن ذ ر n-dh-r 22 shared verses
- ر س ل r-s-l 29 shared verses
- م ث ل m-th-l 16 shared verses
- غ ل م gh-l-m 6 shared verses
- ق و ل q-w-l 46 shared verses
- ر و ح r-w-ḥ 7 shared verses
- و ح د w-ḥ-d 7 shared verses
- ا ل م a-l-m 7 shared verses
~ Ranked by log-likelihood of sharing a verse, one association measure among several (explorer).