Root ʿ-r-f ع ر ف
The root ʿ-r-f (ع ر ف) occurs 70 times in the Qur'an, the 156th most frequent of its 1,642 roots. It appears in 62 verses across 26 of the 114 surahs, as 8 lemmas (dictionary headwords).
At a glance
| Occurrences | 70 ● |
|---|---|
| Rank among 1,642 roots | 156th ● |
| Verses containing it | 62 ● |
| Surahs containing it | 26 of 114 ● |
| In Meccan / Medinan surahs | 20 / 50 ~ |
| Early Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 1 ~ |
| Middle Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 7 ~ |
| Late Meccan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 12 ~ |
| Medinan (Cairo 1924 periods) | 50 ~ |
| As verbs / as nouns and adjectives | 27 / 43 ● |
| Spread across surahs (DP, normalized) | 0.527552 (0 even, 1 concentrated) ~ |
| First occurrence | 2:89 ● |
Counts from the Leeds Quranic Arabic Corpus v0.4 root field. Period and Meccan/Medinan splits depend on a classification; the spread measure is one of several (Numbers).
Lemmas
| Most common form | Part of speech | Count | Surahs |
|---|---|---|---|
| بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ | noun / adjective | 38 | 11 |
| يَعْرِفُونَ | verb | 20 | 13 |
| فَٱعْتَرَفُوا۟ | verb | 3 | 3 |
| ٱلْأَعْرَافِ | noun | 2 | 1 |
| عَرَّفَ | verb | 2 | 2 |
| بِٱلْعُرْفِ | noun | 2 | 2 |
| لِتَعَارَفُوٓا۟ | verb | 2 | 2 |
| مَّعْرُوفَةٌ | noun | 1 | 1 |
● Grouped by the corpus's lemma field. Every lemma is in the lemma-frequencies table.
Most frequent written forms
- بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ 20×
- بِمَعْرُوفٍ 6×
- يَعْرِفُونَ 4×
- مَّعْرُوفًا 3×
- عَرَفُوا۟ 2×
- يَعْرِفُونَهُۥ 2×
- مَعْرُوفٍ 2×
- ٱلْأَعْرَافِ 2×
- تَعْرِفُ 2×
- مَّعْرُوفًا 2×
● Surface forms, with attached prefixes and suffixes.
Where it concentrates
- al-Baqarah 19× · 3.107 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Nisa' 6× · 1.601 per 1,000 word-units
- al-A'raf 6× · 1.807 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Tawbah 4× · 1.601 per 1,000 word-units
- Muhammad 4× · 7.421 per 1,000 word-units
- Al ʿImran 3× · 0.862 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Ahzab 3× · 2.331 per 1,000 word-units
- al-Talaq 3× · 10.453 per 1,000 word-units
- al-An'am 2× · 0.656 per 1,000 word-units
- Yusuf 2× · 1.125 per 1,000 word-units
● The ten surahs with the most occurrences, with the rate per 1,000 of each surah's word-units.
Roots it keeps company with
- ن ك ر n-k-r 13 shared verses
- ن ه ي n-h-y 9 shared verses
- ط ل ق ṭ-l-q 6 shared verses
- ا م ر a-m-r 14 shared verses
- س و م s-w-m 5 shared verses
- ج ن ح j-n-ḥ 6 shared verses
- ن س و n-s-w 7 shared verses
- ا ل ه a-l-h 36 shared verses
~ Ranked by log-likelihood of sharing a verse, one association measure among several (explorer).